The A&W story and the drive-in format
Roy Allen's original 1919 root beer stand in Lodi, California, was a simple operation — a small wooden structure on the highway, selling 5-cent mugs of root beer to passing motorists. The product was the recipe, not the format; Allen's root beer was brewed in-house using a blend of herbs, spices, and bark extracts that produced a distinctive sweet-spicy flavor unlike the carbonated soft drinks dominant at the time. The success of the original stand led to a partnership with Frank Wright in 1922 and the launch of the A&W chain.
The drive-in format — parking stalls with outdoor speakers, carhops bringing orders directly to the car, tray-mounted food and drinks consumed in the parked vehicle — was developed by A&W and other roadside chains across the 1930s and 1940s. The format was particularly suited to American automobile culture: customers could eat without leaving their cars, families with kids could manage meals without the chaos of a sit-down restaurant, and the parking-stall format produced more efficient capacity utilization than traditional indoor seating.
The drive-in format peaked from roughly 1945 through 1965, with hundreds of A&W locations across Route 66 and other major American highways operating in the carhop-service format. The decline began in the late 1960s as fast-food chains (McDonald's, Burger King, KFC) developed the modern drive-through-window format that was operationally simpler and required less staff. By the 1980s most A&W locations had either closed or converted to standard quick-service formats; the relatively few remaining carhop-format A&Ws became increasingly nostalgic destinations rather than typical fast-food stops.