Cyrus Avery and the 1925 routing decision
Cyrus Stevens Avery was born in Pennsylvania in 1871, moved to Oklahoma with his family in 1881, and built a career in Tulsa during the city's oil-boom years as a real estate developer, hotel operator, and oil-business broker. By the early 1920s he had become a leading voice in Oklahoma's good-roads movement — a national political coalition pushing for federal investment in paved highways at a time when most American roads outside major cities were still dirt.
In 1924 the federal government appointed Avery to the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, a panel charged with laying out the first standardized national highway system. The board's work in 1925 produced the numbered U.S. highway system (US-1 through US-99) that replaced the previous tangle of named auto trails (Lincoln Highway, Dixie Highway, etc). Avery's specific responsibility was the southern transcontinental highway, which the board originally proposed to route from Chicago through St. Louis, then southwest through Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, and into Los Angeles.
Avery successfully argued that the highway should instead bend through Oklahoma — passing through Tulsa, Oklahoma City, and Amarillo — for two reasons. First, the engineering: the proposed Arkansas/Texas route crossed difficult terrain that would be expensive to pave. Second, Avery argued the Oklahoma route would better serve the agricultural and oil economies of the southern plains. The board accepted his argument; the resulting highway was originally numbered US-60 but became US-66 in the final 1926 designation. Avery would spend the rest of his life as Route 66's most active promoter.
